Making compost is one of the simplest ways to reuse garden and kitchen waste. You do not need complicated equipment. A basic compost bin or a well-kept heap is enough for most gardens.
What can go on the compost heap?
Grass clippings, leaves, small amounts of soft pruning material, vegetable peelings, coffee grounds and spent plants can all be composted. Mix wetter green material with drier material such as fallen leaves, small pieces of cardboard and woody stems.
Avoid one large layer
A thick layer of grass clippings can become wet and compacted. Mix it with drier material instead. Cutting coarse material into smaller pieces also helps it break down more quickly.
Air and moisture
A compost heap should be damp rather than soaking wet. If it becomes very dry, add a little water. Turning the heap occasionally introduces air and mixes material that is decomposing at different speeds.
When is compost ready?
Finished garden compost is dark, crumbly and has an earthy smell. Some small pieces of woody material may remain and can simply go back onto the new heap.
Use mature compost as a soil improver around established plants or when preparing beds. It is an inexpensive way to return useful organic matter to the garden.